Numbers 1 to 100 in German: one-and-twenty
The numbers 1 to 100 in German put the units before the tens. Twenty-one is einundzwanzig, "one-and-twenty", and ninety-seven is siebenundneunzig, "seven-and-ninety". Every number up to 100 is written as a single word. Below are all the numbers from 1 to 100, the rules that produce them, and which ones German films say most.
German numbers 1 to 100
| German | German | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eins | 51 | einundfünfzig |
| 2 | zwei | 52 | zweiundfünfzig |
| 3 | drei | 53 | dreiundfünfzig |
| 4 | vier | 54 | vierundfünfzig |
| 5 | fünf | 55 | fünfundfünfzig |
| 6 | sechs | 56 | sechsundfünfzig |
| 7 | sieben | 57 | siebenundfünfzig |
| 8 | acht | 58 | achtundfünfzig |
| 9 | neun | 59 | neunundfünfzig |
| 10 | zehn | 60 | sechzig |
| 11 | elf | 61 | einundsechzig |
| 12 | zwölf | 62 | zweiundsechzig |
| 13 | dreizehn | 63 | dreiundsechzig |
| 14 | vierzehn | 64 | vierundsechzig |
| 15 | fünfzehn | 65 | fünfundsechzig |
| 16 | sechzehn | 66 | sechsundsechzig |
| 17 | siebzehn | 67 | siebenundsechzig |
| 18 | achtzehn | 68 | achtundsechzig |
| 19 | neunzehn | 69 | neunundsechzig |
| 20 | zwanzig | 70 | siebzig |
| 21 | einundzwanzig | 71 | einundsiebzig |
| 22 | zweiundzwanzig | 72 | zweiundsiebzig |
| 23 | dreiundzwanzig | 73 | dreiundsiebzig |
| 24 | vierundzwanzig | 74 | vierundsiebzig |
| 25 | fünfundzwanzig | 75 | fünfundsiebzig |
| 26 | sechsundzwanzig | 76 | sechsundsiebzig |
| 27 | siebenundzwanzig | 77 | siebenundsiebzig |
| 28 | achtundzwanzig | 78 | achtundsiebzig |
| 29 | neunundzwanzig | 79 | neunundsiebzig |
| 30 | dreißig | 80 | achtzig |
| 31 | einunddreißig | 81 | einundachtzig |
| 32 | zweiunddreißig | 82 | zweiundachtzig |
| 33 | dreiunddreißig | 83 | dreiundachtzig |
| 34 | vierunddreißig | 84 | vierundachtzig |
| 35 | fünfunddreißig | 85 | fünfundachtzig |
| 36 | sechsunddreißig | 86 | sechsundachtzig |
| 37 | siebenunddreißig | 87 | siebenundachtzig |
| 38 | achtunddreißig | 88 | achtundachtzig |
| 39 | neununddreißig | 89 | neunundachtzig |
| 40 | vierzig | 90 | neunzig |
| 41 | einundvierzig | 91 | einundneunzig |
| 42 | zweiundvierzig | 92 | zweiundneunzig |
| 43 | dreiundvierzig | 93 | dreiundneunzig |
| 44 | vierundvierzig | 94 | vierundneunzig |
| 45 | fünfundvierzig | 95 | fünfundneunzig |
| 46 | sechsundvierzig | 96 | sechsundneunzig |
| 47 | siebenundvierzig | 97 | siebenundneunzig |
| 48 | achtundvierzig | 98 | achtundneunzig |
| 49 | neunundvierzig | 99 | neunundneunzig |
| 50 | fünfzig | 100 | hundert |
The rules, in order
1 to 12 are single words and have to be learned: eins, zwei, drei, vier, fünf, sechs, sieben, acht, neun, zehn, elf, zwölf. Elf and zwölf are the same words as English eleven and twelve.
13 to 19 are the unit plus zehn: dreizehn, vierzehn, fünfzehn, sechzehn, siebzehn, achtzehn, neunzehn. This is the English pattern, thir-teen, four-teen.
The tens end in -zig: zwanzig (20), vierzig (40), fünfzig (50), sechzig (60), siebzig (70), achtzig (80), neunzig (90). Thirty is the exception, with ß: dreißig.
From 21, it is unit + und + tens, in one word: einundzwanzig (21), zweiunddreißig (32), achtundvierzig (48).
Three spellings that catch people out
- Eins becomes ein inside a bigger number: einundzwanzig, not einsundzwanzig.
- Sechs loses its s in 16 and 60: sechzehn, sechzig. But it keeps it in 26: sechsundzwanzig.
- Sieben loses its en in 17 and 70: siebzehn, siebzig. But it keeps it in 27: siebenundzwanzig.
Hearing them the right way round
The order is the real difficulty, and it is a listening problem more than a speaking one. When a German says vierundfünfzig, an English speaker hears "four" first and writes a 4, when the number is 54.
Two habits help. Write the second digit first, leaving a gap for the one that comes after. And practise with phone numbers and prices, where the numbers come fast. English used to count the same way, "four and twenty blackbirds", and the teens still do: in fourteen the four comes first.
Germans know the order causes trouble on the phone. Zwei and drei sound alike down a bad line, so zwo is often said for two; it is rare in subtitles, at 1.5 per million words.
Which numbers do German films say most?
Counted in German film and television subtitles, per million words:
| Number | Word | Per million words |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | eins | 269.9 |
| 2 | zwei | 785.2 |
| 3 | drei | 447.1 |
| 4 | vier | 201.0 |
| 5 | fünf | 214.0 |
| 6 | sechs | 143.8 |
| 7 | sieben | 88.3 |
| 8 | acht | 94.5 |
| 9 | neun | 54.7 |
| 10 | zehn | 146.3 |
Zwei is said 2.9 times as often as eins. That is partly because eins is only the counting form: before a noun "one" is ein or eine, which are also the words for "a". After that the order follows the counting order, with the two exceptions that turn up in every language we counted: five is said more than four, and ten more than seven, eight and nine. Round numbers get used for approximations, fünf Minuten, zehn Jahre. German adds a small third exception of its own: acht comes in just ahead of sieben.
Pronunciation notes
- Z is "ts": zwei is "tsvy", zehn "tsayn", zwanzig "TSVAN-tsikh".
- V is "f": vier is "feer".
- Ü and ö are rounded vowels English lacks, in fünf and zwölf.
- The ending -ig is said with the soft ch of ich in standard German: zwanzig ends like ich.
- Dreißig: ß is a plain s sound.
How to learn them
- Learn 1 to 12 and the tens by heart. That is 20 words.
- Say 21 to 99 as "unit-and-tens" out loud until the order stops feeling backwards.
- Have someone read you prices and write them down. It is the listening that takes practice.
The numbers are in the most common German words, and the German course, Verbavia (our own course), teaches them in sentences, free on the web. For the other everyday set, see the days of the week in German. German numbers are also where the longest German words begin: any number below a million is written as one word. French has a different oddity: numbers 1 to 100 in French.
Numbers are most often needed for dates, and the months are in months of the year in German.
Sources
- The table of 1 to 100 is generated by rule by
scripts/frequency_reference.py, which checks itself against a list of the forms most often got wrong before it writes anything. - The counts are from OpenSubtitles 2018 (Lison, P. & Tiedemann, J., 2016, aclanthology.org) through Hermit Dave's FrequencyWords lists, content licensed CC BY-SA 4.0, github.com, and are printed from the script's output rather than typed.