How languages are actually learned: the Verbavia blog
Word frequency, what belongs in a lesson, and how this course is built.
Verbavia is a daily language course built on one idea: teach the words people really use, in the order they really use them, and explain the grammar instead of hiding it. These posts are about the reasoning behind that — what word frequency does and does not buy you, what belongs in a lesson, and where this approach runs out.
- 5 November 2026
Family members in Chinese: by age and by sideFamily members in Chinese with pinyin: Mandarin words for older and younger siblings, each side of the family, 堂 and 表 cousins, and what films say most.
- 5 November 2026
Happy birthday in different languages: 36 of themHappy birthday in different languages: the wish in 36 languages, with pronunciation, what each literally says, and which wish films use most.
- 4 November 2026
What level of German do you need to live in Germany?What level of German you need to live in Germany: none for a work visa, A1 for a spouse, B1 for permanent residence and citizenship, from the law itself.
- 4 November 2026
Chinese greetings: 你好 and what else to sayChinese greetings in Mandarin with pinyin and when to use each, from 你好 and 早上好 to 再见 and 拜拜, counted in simplified and traditional subtitles.
- 4 November 2026
Greetings in French: bonjour, salut and moreGreetings in French with pronunciation and when to use each, from bonjour and salut to ça va and à plus, ranked by counting them in French subtitles.
- 3 November 2026
Colors in Spanish: los colores, ranked by useThe colors in Spanish with pronunciation, when they change their ending, marrón or café for brown, and a ranking of the colours Spanish films say most.
- 3 November 2026
Spanish greetings: from hola to hasta luegoSpanish greetings with pronunciation and when to use each, from hola and buenos días to nos vemos, ranked by counting them in 213 million subtitle lines.
- 2 November 2026
Months of the year in Chinese: 一月 to 十二月The months of the year in Chinese with pinyin, 一月 to 十二月: February or two months, how to say the date with 号 and 日, the lunar 正月 and 腊月.
- 2 November 2026
Months of the year in French: janvier to décembreThe months of the year in French with pronunciation, why août has two, how to say and write the date, and which month French films mention most.
- 2 November 2026
Months of the year in Spanish: enero to diciembreThe months of the year in Spanish with pronunciation, how to say and write the date, septiembre or setiembre, and which month films say most.
- 28 October 2026
Christmas words in Spanish, ranked by films92 Christmas words in Spanish with el or la, ranked by how often films say them: decorations, the nativity, presents, food, snow, church and verbs.
- 28 October 2026
Family members in French: mère to belle-sœurFamily members in French with pronunciation, from mère and père to belle-sœur, why beau-père can mean two people, and which family words films say most.
- 28 October 2026
Family members in Spanish: mamá to suegraFamily members in Spanish with pronunciation, from mamá and papá to suegra and cuñado, why hermanos can mean sisters too, and what films say most.
- 28 October 2026
Je t’aime vs je t’adore, and je t’aime bienJe t’aime vs je t’adore vs je t’aime bien: why adding “bien” or “beaucoup” makes French love weaker, and how often films say each phrase.
- 28 October 2026
Merry Christmas in Portuguese: Feliz NatalHow to say Merry Christmas in Portuguese, in Brazil and in Portugal: Feliz Natal, Boas Festas, wishes to copy, and Papai Noel or Pai Natal.
- 27 October 2026
Chinese New Year 2027 greetings in MandarinChinese New Year 2027 greetings in Mandarin for the Year of the Goat: 羊年大吉, 三羊开泰 and other puns, wishes to copy, the 2027 dates and the Goat years.
- 27 October 2026
Happy New Year in French: Bonne annéeHappy New Year in French is Bonne année. How to say it, wishes to copy for tu and vous, meilleurs vœux, the galette des rois and how Québec says it.
- 27 October 2026
Happy New Year in Spanish: Feliz Año NuevoHow to say Happy New Year in Spanish: feliz año nuevo word by word, New Year wishes to copy, the twelve grapes at midnight and the words of 1 January.
- 27 October 2026
Merry Christmas in French: Joyeux NoëlHow to say Merry Christmas in French: Joyeux Noël word by word, wishes for tu and vous, and how Québec says it, from Joyeuses Fêtes to the temps des Fêtes.
- 27 October 2026
Merry Christmas in Italian: Buon NataleHow to say Merry Christmas in Italian: Buon Natale word by word, wishes to copy for tu, voi and Lei, and the words of the season from Vigilia to Befana.
- 26 October 2026
Chinese numbers 1 to 100, and the hand signsChinese numbers 1 to 100 with characters and pinyin: the rule for 11 to 99, 两 or 二, counting in 万, the one-hand signs for 6 to 10, and lucky 8.
- 26 October 2026
Colors in Chinese and what they meanColors in Chinese with pinyin, from 红色 to 银色, what red, white, yellow, green and black mean in Chinese culture, and which colours films say most.
- 26 October 2026
Colours in French: masculine and feminineThe colours in French with pronunciation, their masculine and feminine forms, the colours that never change, and which ones French films say most.
- 26 October 2026
Merry Christmas in Chinese: 圣诞快乐 and moreHow to say Merry Christmas in Chinese: 圣诞快乐 word by word, wishes to copy for family, friends and work, the words of Christmas, and Taiwan’s 耶誕.
- 26 October 2026
Merry Christmas in German: Frohe WeihnachtenHow to say Merry Christmas in German: Frohe Weihnachten word by word, wishes to copy for du and Sie, and the Swiss, Austrian and Low German versions.
- 25 October 2026
Days of the week in Chinese: 星期, 周 and 礼拜The days of the week in Chinese with pinyin: 星期一 to 星期天, the 周 and 礼拜 forms, where the names came from, and which day Chinese films say most.
- 25 October 2026
How many people speak Esperanto? The real numbersFrom about 60,000 to 2 million, depending on who counts and what counts as speaking. Every estimate traced to its source, with censuses and UEA data.
- 25 October 2026
Merry Christmas in Spanish: wishes for every cardHow to say Merry Christmas in Spanish: Feliz Navidad word by word, Christmas wishes to copy into a card for family, friends and work, and more.
- 25 October 2026
Te quiero vs te amo: the difference, countedTe quiero vs te amo: who you say each one to, where the dictionaries disagree, and how often Spanish film and TV dialogue says each, phrase by phrase.
- 15 October 2026
Animal sounds in different languagesAnimal sounds in different languages: a dog says guau in Spanish, wang wang in Mandarin and wau wau in German. Nine languages, and why the sounds differ.
- 15 October 2026
Colours in German: die Farben, ranked by useThe colours in German with pronunciation, when a colour takes an ending and when it does not, and a ranking of the colours German films say most.
- 15 October 2026
Colours in Italian: i colori, ranked by useThe colours in Italian with pronunciation, which ones change their ending and which never do, and a ranking of the colours Italian films say most.
- 15 October 2026
Colours in Portuguese: as cores, ranked by useThe colours in Portuguese with pronunciation, which change their ending, where Brazil and Portugal use different words, and the colours films say most.
- 15 October 2026
Family members in German: die FamilieFamily members in German with pronunciation and genders, from Mutter and Vater to Oma and Geschwister, and which family words German films say most.
- 15 October 2026
Family members in Italian: la famigliaFamily members in Italian with pronunciation, from madre and padre to nonna and cugino, the rule for “my mother”, and which family words films say most.
- 15 October 2026
Family members in Portuguese: a famíliaFamily members in Portuguese with pronunciation, from mãe and pai to avó and avô, why pais means parents, and which family words films say most.
- 15 October 2026
Greetings in German: Hallo, Servus and MoinGreetings in German with pronunciation and when to use each, from Hallo and Guten Tag to Tschüss, Servus and Moin, ranked by how often films say them.
- 15 October 2026
Greetings in Italian: ciao, salve and the restGreetings in Italian with pronunciation and when to use each, from ciao and salve to buongiorno and arrivederci, ranked by how often films say them.
- 15 October 2026
Greetings in Portuguese: oi, olá and tchauGreetings in Portuguese with pronunciation, from oi and olá to bom dia and tchau, and the counts that show Brazil and Portugal greet in different ways.
- 15 October 2026
Happy Halloween in other languagesHow to say Happy Halloween in other languages, and trick or treat in Spanish, French, Italian, German, Portuguese and Mandarin. Plus Día de los Muertos.
- 15 October 2026
How many languages can one person speak?How many languages can one person speak? Mezzofanti was credited with 38 or more, Emil Krebs 68, and Ziad Fazah claimed 59 until he was tested on TV.
- 15 October 2026
How many words are in the English language?How many words are in English? The Oxford English Dictionary has over 500,000, Webster's Third 476,000, and 1,000 words make up most of what is said.
- 15 October 2026
Is it too late to learn a language? The researchIs it too late to learn a language? A study of 669,498 people found adults learn quickly, and only native-like grammar gets harder after about age 17.
- 15 October 2026
The 100 most common English verbs, in orderThe 100 most common English verbs ranked by how often they are said, every form added up, with past tenses, the modal verbs, and how we counted.
- 15 October 2026
The 1,000 most common English words, in orderThe 1,000 most common English words as they are really spoken, ranked from film and TV dialogue, with how much of everyday English each band covers.
- 15 October 2026
The most spoken languages in the worldThe most spoken languages in the world ranked two ways, by total speakers and by native speakers, with 2026 Ethnologue figures and why the lists differ.
- 15 October 2026
What is the oldest language in the world?The oldest written language, the oldest still spoken, and why “oldest” barely means anything for speech: Sumerian, Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Tamil.
- 15 October 2026
Tongue twisters in different languagesTongue twisters in different languages, with translations and the sound that makes each hard: Spanish, German, French, Italian, Mandarin, Māori and more.
- 15 October 2026
What language is closest to English?What language is closest to English? Scots, then Frisian, Dutch and German: shared vocabulary, listening tests, and how long each takes to learn.
- 15 October 2026
Which language has the most words?Which language has the most words? English is usually named, but it depends what counts as a word. Dictionaries compared, and seven languages measured.
- 15 October 2026
Which language is spoken the fastest?Which language is spoken the fastest? Japanese and Spanish pack in the most syllables per second, but every language carries about the same information.
- 15 October 2026
Words that are the same in every languageWords that are the same in almost every language: “huh?”, mama and papa, and tea or chai. What the research found, and why these words travel.
- 14 October 2026
Days of the week in French: lundi to dimancheThe days of the week in French with pronunciation, where each name comes from, how to say “on Monday” and “on Mondays”, and which day films say most.
- 14 October 2026
Days of the week in German: Montag to SonntagThe days of the week in German with pronunciation, the gods behind the names, how to say “on Monday” and “on Mondays”, and which day films say most.
- 14 October 2026
Days of the week in Italian: lunedì to domenicaThe days of the week in Italian with pronunciation, the planets behind the names, how to say “on Monday” and “on Mondays”, and which day films say most.
- 14 October 2026
Days of the week in Portuguese: segunda-feiraThe days of the week in Portuguese with pronunciation, why Monday is “second” and not the Moon’s day, how to say “on Monday”, and how films use them.
- 14 October 2026
Days of the week in Spanish: lunes to domingoThe days of the week in Spanish with pronunciation, where each name comes from, how to say “on Monday”, and which day Spanish films mention most.
- 14 October 2026
The hardest words to pronounce in 4 languagesThe hardest common words to pronounce in Spanish, French, German and Italian for English speakers, why each is hard, and how often you will need it.
- 14 October 2026
How many languages are there in the world?Ethnologue counts 7,170 languages in use and Glottolog 7,674. Why the two differ, what counts as a language, and how few languages most people speak.
- 14 October 2026
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year in 9 languagesHow to say Merry Christmas and Happy New Year in Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, German, Mandarin and more, with pronunciation and film counts.
- 14 October 2026
Months of the year in German: how to say themThe months of the year in German with pronunciation, where each name comes from, how to say “in May” and write a date, and which month films mention most.
- 14 October 2026
Months of the year in Italian: how to say themThe months of the year in Italian with pronunciation, where each name comes from, how to say “in May” and write a date, and which month films mention most.
- 14 October 2026
Months of the year in Portuguese: how to say themThe months of the year in Portuguese with pronunciation, where each name comes from, how to say “in May” and write a date, and which month films say most.
- 14 October 2026
The 100 most common German words, explainedThe 100 most common German words in speech, each with its meaning and how often it is said. Not one of them is a noun, and four are false friends.
- 14 October 2026
The 100 most common Italian words, explainedThe 100 most common Italian words in speech, each with its meaning and how often it is said. All seven words for “the” are in it, and “no” beats “yes”.
- 14 October 2026
The 100 most common Portuguese words, explainedThe 100 most common Portuguese words in Brazilian speech, with meanings and how often each is said. Seven are two words fused; only three nouns make it.
- 14 October 2026
Numbers 1 to 100 in French: why 80 is 4 × 20French numbers 1 to 100 written out, with the rules: why 70 is sixty-ten, 80 is four-twenties and 97 is quatre-vingt-dix-sept, and where the “et” goes.
- 14 October 2026
Numbers 1 to 100 in German: one-and-twentyGerman numbers 1 to 100 written out, with the rules: why 21 is einundzwanzig, where sechs and sieben lose letters, and how to hear them correctly.
- 14 October 2026
Numbers 1 to 100 in Italian: uno to centoItalian numbers 1 to 100 written out, with the rules: why 21 is ventuno and 28 ventotto, the accent on ventitré, and how the tens are built.
- 14 October 2026
Numbers 1 to 100 in Portuguese: um to cemPortuguese numbers 1 to 100 written out, with the rules: “e” from 21, um and uma, dois and duas, and why Brazil writes dezesseis and Portugal dezasseis.
- 14 October 2026
Numbers 1 to 100 in Spanish: uno to cienSpanish numbers 1 to 100 written out, with the rules: one word up to 29, “y” from 31, the four accents to remember, and when uno becomes un.
- 13 October 2026
Mandarin or Cantonese: which tones are harder?Cantonese tones are harder to tell apart: three differ only in height and two rising tones are merging among native speakers. Mandarin has harder rules.
- 13 October 2026
The 100 most common French words, explainedThe 100 most common French words in speech, each with its meaning and how often it is said. Nine of them are a single consonant and an apostrophe.
- 13 October 2026
Printable Spanish frequency chart: top 100 wordsA printable Spanish frequency chart: the 100 most common Spanish words with English meanings on one page, as a free PDF or straight from your browser.
- 13 October 2026
Random French word generator, by frequency levelA free random French word generator. Choose a frequency level, from the 100 most common words to the first 5,000, and get a word with its meaning.
- 13 October 2026
Spanish words you already know: 2,700 cognatesSpanish cognates, counted in our own word list: 841 words spelt as in English and 1,920 more that follow 16 endings like -ción and -dad. With the traps.
- 12 October 2026
Food words on screen: pizza beats paellaFood words counted in film and TV subtitles in eight languages: pizza is said about 33 times as often as paella in Spanish, and beer beats wine in French.
- 12 October 2026
Hello & goodbye ranked: ciao vs salve, oi vs oláHello and goodbye counted in film and TV subtitles in eight languages: ciao beats salve three to one, Brazil says oi, Portugal says olá, and hola leads.
- 12 October 2026
How many words do you need to watch French films?About 1,100 word forms cover 80% of French film dialogue and 4,900 cover 90%, fewer than Spanish or Italian. But what you read is not quite what you hear.
- 12 October 2026
How many words to watch Netflix in Spanish?About 1,800 word forms cover 80% of Spanish film and TV dialogue and 7,600 cover 90%. What each level feels like, and which Spanish you will hear.
- 12 October 2026
Is Esperanto vocabulary really easier? We countedEsperanto's words look no more like English than Spanish or Italian words do. What makes them easier: 44% of our list is built from the rest.
- 12 October 2026
The most common swear word in each languageSwearing counted in film and TV subtitles in eight languages: the word for sh*t tops five of them, Italian says cazzo instead, and English says f*ck.
- 12 October 2026
Which weekday do films mention most? FridayWe counted the seven days of the week in film and TV subtitles in six languages. Friday wins in four, Sunday in two, and Wednesday is last in all six.
- 10 October 2026
English words in German, French and SpanishJob and party in German, week-end in French, estrés in Spanish: English loanwords counted in film dialogue, plus Handy and other “English” words.
- 10 October 2026
French slang you will actually hear: mec, truc, ouaisFrench slang counted in film and TV dialogue: mec, truc, boulot, flic, verlan like meuf and chelou, and the swear words, with how informal each is.
- 10 October 2026
German cases by frequency: why des is the rarestHow often each German case is really heard: the dative nearly matches the accusative, and des is the rarest definite article. Measured in film dialogue.
- 10 October 2026
How is vocabulary size measured? Five methodsHow do scientists count the words you know? Dictionary sampling, yes/no tests with made-up words, LexTALE, Nation's test, and how our own test works.
- 10 October 2026
How many words are there in the French language?How many words are in French? The Académie française lists about 53,000, Le Petit Larousse 64,150, the Trésor 100,000, and one online dictionary 500,000.
- 10 October 2026
How many words are there in the Spanish language?How many words are in Spanish? The RAE dictionary has 93,111 entries, a second academy dictionary adds 70,000 Americanisms, and speech uses far more forms.
- 10 October 2026
Is Portuguese grammar hard? Seven parts, rankedIs Portuguese grammar hard? Seven parts ranked from easy to hard: contractions, gender, ser and estar, pronoun placement and the personal infinitive.
- 10 October 2026
Is the subjunctive really rare? Not in SpanishThe subjunctive counted in film and TV dialogue: Spanish “sea” ranks 146th, Italian “abbia” 217th. How often four Romance languages use it.
- 10 October 2026
The 100 most common Chinese charactersThe 100 most common Chinese characters in everyday speech, with pinyin and meanings, counted in film and TV dialogue and set against written Chinese.
- 10 October 2026
The most common Spanish words: “no” is number 3The 50 most common Spanish words in speech, with meanings, and why “no” is the third most common word in Spanish, compared with seven other languages.
- 10 October 2026
Passé simple: nearly dead on screen, alive in booksHow often the passé simple is used in French film and TV dialogue: “il eut” against “il a eu”, where it still lives, and whether learners need it.
- 10 October 2026
Regional Spanish slang: tío, guay, che, vaina, chidoWhat tío, guay, che, vaina and chido mean, which countries say each one, and how often each turns up in Spanish film and TV subtitles.
- 10 October 2026
Shanghainese swear words, and how rude they areShanghainese swear words and insults in characters and romanisation: what each literally means, how rude it is on a five-step scale, and what not to say.
- 9 October 2026
Chinese words used in English, ranked21 English words traced to Chinese, ranked by use and tagged by which Chinese language each came from — Mandarin, Cantonese, Hokkien, or neither.
- 9 October 2026
German or Spanish: which should you learn?Germany anchors one huge economy; Spanish spans 21 countries plus the US. Compared by goal: work, study, travel, grammar, not just difficulty.
- 9 October 2026
How many speak Mandarin, Cantonese and Shanghainese?Mandarin has close to a billion speakers, Cantonese tens of millions, Shanghainese fewer every generation. The latest counts, and how each is measured.
- 9 October 2026
How many words are in the Chinese language?How many words are in Chinese depends on whether you count characters or words: dictionaries range from 8,105 characters to 370,000 word entries.
- 9 October 2026
Italian or French: which is easier?The FSI gives Italian 24 weeks and French 30. Pronunciation, verbs, gender and the three things that make Italian harder than its reputation says.
- 9 October 2026
Portuguese words used in English, ranked18 English words traced to Portuguese, ranked by use — plus the Tupi, Bantu and Sanskrit words Portugal's trading empire carried into English too.
- 9 October 2026
Spanish or Italian: which should you learn?Spanish is official in 21 countries and reaches far more speakers; Italian takes six fewer FSI weeks. Compared side by side, with a decision table by goal.
- 9 October 2026
Spanish or Mandarin: which is more useful?Mandarin has more speakers and one giant economy behind it; Spanish spans 21 countries and takes under half the FSI's study time for English speakers.
- 7 October 2026
How long does it take to learn Esperanto?No official body rates Esperanto. What the "four times faster" studies measured, what its exams say, and what 889 lessons from A1 to C2 take.
- 7 October 2026
How long does it take to learn German?US diplomats get 36 weeks for German and 30 for Spanish; the Goethe-Institut puts C1 at 600–750 hours. Where the extra time goes, level by level.
- 7 October 2026
How long does it take to learn Italian?The US diplomats' school puts Italian at 24 weeks, six fewer than Spanish or French. What that means in hours, in words and in daily lessons.
- 7 October 2026
How long does it take to learn Mandarin?US diplomats get 88 weeks for Mandarin. Why listening, reading and handwriting run on three different clocks, with China's own HSK counts.
- 7 October 2026
How long does it take to learn Portuguese?The US diplomats' school gives Portuguese 24 weeks, its shortest course. Reading arrives fast, from Spanish faster still; listening sets the pace.
- 7 October 2026
Is Esperanto hard to learn for English speakers?Built to be easy, and mostly it is: no irregular verbs, no silent letters. What still trips English speakers up: the -n ending, 45 correlatives and -iĝi.
- 7 October 2026
Italian words used in English, ranked29 Italian loanwords ranked by how often English actually says each one, against how often Italians say the original — and which meanings moved.
- 7 October 2026
The 100 most common German verbs, in orderGerman verbs ranked by how often they are really said, split verbs like anrufen put back together: sein, haben, werden and 97 more, and how we counted.
- 7 October 2026
The 100 most common Italian verbs, in orderItalian verbs ranked by how often they are said, every form added up, dimmi and fallo included: the top 100, essere or avere, and how we counted.
- 7 October 2026
The 100 most common Portuguese verbs, in orderBrazilian Portuguese verbs ranked by how often they are actually said, every form added up — ser, estar, ter and the future subjunctive explained.
- 3 October 2026
Can Portuguese speakers understand Spanish? Two studiesMostly, and far better than Spanish speakers understand Portuguese. What two listening studies found, and why the shared words do not explain the gap.
- 3 October 2026
False friends ranked by how often you'll meet themSixty-four false friends in five languages, ranked by how often they are actually said. The famous ones are rare; the dangerous ones are short and common.
- 3 October 2026
Filler words in other languages: ouais, vale, allora, dochUm, euh, beh, äh, 嗯: the filler words of eight languages, counted in film and TV dialogue, with what each one does and which counts you can trust.
- 3 October 2026
Formal vs informal you, by the numbersTu or vous, du or Sie, tú or usted, 你 or 您: we counted both in the film dialogue of six languages. Informal wins everywhere, but by very different margins.
- 3 October 2026
Is French hard to learn for English speakers?Easy words, hard ears. French has the kindest word curve we measured, but spelling hides its sounds, words run together, and every noun has a gender.
- 3 October 2026
The most common 5-letter words in five languagesThe commonest five-letter words in Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese and German, measured in film dialogue, with the best Wordle starting word in each.
- 3 October 2026
Which language says thank you most often?We counted thank you in film and TV subtitles in eight languages. Spanish says gracias most often, Mandarin says 谢谢 least, and the gap is small.
- 2 October 2026
How many words does the average person say a day? (2025)About 16,000 a day in the famous 2007 study, nearer 13,000 in a 2025 follow-up of 2,197 people. Plus where the “women 20,000, men 7,000” myth came from.
- 2 October 2026
How to say OK in different languages (25 of them)OK in Spanish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Mandarin and more, plus how often each language really says it. Italian says OK more than English.
- 2 October 2026
Which language has the most tones? Wobé, Kam, CantoneseWobé’s fourteen, Kam’s fifteen, Cantonese’s nine: why every record depends on what you count. The real answer, with sources, and where Mandarin fits.
- 29 September 2026
German articles: der, die, das chart and the gender rulesThe German article chart for all four cases, the gender rules that really predict der, die or das, and how reliable each rule is, measured on real nouns.
- 29 September 2026
The longest German words people actually useNot the 63-letter law nobody says: the longest German words that really turn up in speech, measured in 156 million words of film and TV dialogue.
- 29 September 2026
Love or money, dogs or cats: what films say mostWe counted love, money, dogs, cats, coffee and tea in film and TV dialogue in seven languages. Love and dogs win everywhere; coffee nearly. Charts.
- 29 September 2026
The Mandarin tones explained, with a chartA chart of the four Mandarin tones and the neutral tone, the three sandhi rules that change them, where the tone marks go, and all twenty tone pairs.
- 29 September 2026
Por vs para: the difference, with real frequencyWhen Spanish uses por and when para, every use with an example, the pairs that change meaning, and the fixed expressions ranked by how often they occur.
- 29 September 2026
Ser vs estar: the rule, and which one you'll actually hearWhen Spanish uses ser and when estar, taught properly rather than as permanent vs temporary, and how often each form is really said in dialogue.
- 28 September 2026
Brazilian vs European Portuguese: what actually differsSame language, different sound. Vowels, você and tu, estou fazendo against estou a fazer, and the everyday words, measured in each country's speech.
- 28 September 2026
Can Spanish speakers understand Italian?Partly, and less than Italians understand Spanish. A listening study's numbers, the words the two languages share, the sounds, and the false friends.
- 28 September 2026
French or German: which should you learn?German takes the US diplomats' students six weeks longer than French. Measured side by side: speakers, word curves, sounds, cases and genders.
- 28 September 2026
Is Italian hard to learn for English speakers?One of the fastest languages by the US diplomats' measure, yet its first 1,000 words cover less than Spanish's. Double consonants, articles.
- 28 September 2026
The 100 most common French verbs, in orderFrench verbs ranked by how often they are really said, with every form of each added up: être, avoir, aller and 97 more, and how we counted.
- 28 September 2026
The 100 most common Spanish verbs, in orderSpanish verbs ranked by how often they are actually said, with every form added up: the top 100, their commonest forms, and how we counted them.
- 28 September 2026
Spanish or French: which should you learn?The same FSI time, very different paths. Spanish has seven times the native speakers; French has the steeper word curve and the harder sounds.
- 28 September 2026
Spanish words used in English, and how Spanish uses themThirty Spanish words English borrowed, ranked by how often Spanish speakers say them, and the many that mean something else in Spanish.
- 26 September 2026
French words used in English, and how common they areTwenty-eight French words English borrowed, ranked by how often French speakers actually say them. Some are everyday French; some are almost never heard.
- 26 September 2026
German words used in English, and how common they areAngst, kindergarten, wanderlust, zeitgeist: how often Germans actually say the words English borrowed. Some are everyday; some are almost never heard.
- 26 September 2026
How long does it take to learn French?The US diplomats' school puts French at 30 weeks of full-time class. In words, the curve is kinder: 64 cover half of speech, and 1,076 cover 80%.
- 26 September 2026
Is German hard to learn for English speakers?Easier words than you fear, harder grammar than you hope. Cases, genders and word order, measured: der, die, das and co. are 5.7% of all German spoken.
- 26 September 2026
Is Mandarin hard to learn? Speaking vs writingMandarin is two jobs. Speaking has simple grammar and four tones; writing needs thousands of characters. Why one is easier than you think and one harder.
- 26 September 2026
Is Portuguese hard to learn for English speakers?Easy grammar by Romance standards, hard sounds by anyone's: five nasal vowels and a verb form Spanish lacks. And what changes if you speak Spanish.
- 26 September 2026
Is Spanish hard to learn for English speakers?An easy start and a hard middle. Spanish sounds and spelling are kind to English speakers; its verbs are not. Six verbs are 96 of its top 1,000 words.
- 26 September 2026
Mandarin vs Cantonese: what's actually differentMandarin and Cantonese share a writing system and little else a listener would notice. Speakers, tones, characters, written Cantonese, and which to learn.
- 26 September 2026
Untranslatable words, ranked by how often they're saidSaudade, Sehnsucht, sobremesa, 缘分: 23 words that don’t exist in English, each checked in a dictionary and ranked by how often native speakers say them.
- 25 September 2026
The easiest languages to learn for English speakersThe US diplomats' school names the easiest languages; word counts complicate it. And Esperanto, built to be easy, has one of the flattest curves.
- 25 September 2026
The hardest languages to learn for English speakers, rankedThe US diplomatic school ranks languages by weeks of study, and word counts show why: Mandarin needs 10,000 words for what Spanish covers with about 5,600.
- 25 September 2026
How long does it take to learn Spanish?The US diplomats' school puts Spanish at 30 weeks of full-time class. What that means in hours, and in words: 95 cover half of speech.
- 25 September 2026
How many words does the average person know? 42,000The best estimate is 42,000 words for a 20-year-old American, and it depends entirely on what counts as a word. Then: how many does a learner need?
- 25 September 2026
Portuguese vs Spanish: how different are they really?Nearly a quarter of the 1,000 most common Spanish words are spelt the same in Brazilian Portuguese. What the overlap hides, and its false friends.
- 24 September 2026
How many words do you need to speak Italian?De Mauro's basic vocabulary of Italian against a subtitle corpus and our own frequency list: where they agree, and the gap we found and fixed.
- 23 September 2026
How many words do you need to speak Esperanto?Esperanto was built so a few roots make many words, so its frequency curve should be the steepest. Measured, it is not. What the data shows instead.
- 23 September 2026
How many words do you need to speak Mandarin?Count Mandarin in characters or in words and you get two very different frequency curves. Why both are true, and which one a learner should care about.
- 23 September 2026
How many words do you need to speak Portuguese?Brazilian and European Portuguese measured on the same kind of text: how far their frequency curves diverge, and the everyday words that split them.
- 23 September 2026
Which language has the steepest frequency curve?Word-frequency coverage curves for Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, German, Mandarin and Esperanto, measured on one corpus. French is steepest.
- 22 September 2026
How many words do you need to speak French?Written and spoken French use different vocabularies, so no single frequency list serves both. What ours can measure, and what it can't.
- 22 September 2026
How many words do you need to speak German?German compounding supposedly makes its vocabulary enormous. Measured against our own frequency list, the long words arrive later and matter less.
- 22 September 2026
How many words do you need to speak Spanish?What our Spanish frequency list shows about vocabulary size, including why nearly half of it by rank 2,000 is verb forms of words you already know.
- 17 September 2026
How many words do you need to learn a language?The honest answer, the research behind it, and why the number everyone quotes for a thousand words is both true and useless on its own.
- 16 September 2026
What is actually in one Verbavia lessonA walk through one daily lesson — the review, the new words, the grammar, the reading and listening, the writing task — and what is left out on purpose.
What this blog is for
Almost everything written about language learning is written to sell something, which is why so much of it is about motivation. These posts are about mechanism instead: what actually happens when you meet a word for the second time, why the first five hundred words of a language are worth more than the next five thousand, what a spaced-repetition schedule is really doing when it waits eleven days, and which of the things a language app does are for the learner rather than for the app.
Where the answer is uncomfortable it is written down anyway. Frequency ordering has real limits: the commonest words in every language are the most irregular, a word list cannot teach you which preposition a verb takes, and there is a point in every course where the useful next word is no longer the next most common one. A post that only listed the advantages of the way this course works would not be worth reading.
Who writes it
These are written by the person building Verbavia, about decisions that were actually made in it — including the ones that turned out to be wrong and were reversed. Nothing here is generated. When a post gives a number, the number comes from the course itself, and when a claim comes from research rather than from this course, it says whose.
If you would rather read about a specific language than about method, the hand-written language guides go deep on one language at a time, with sources. The frequency word lists are the raw material the posts keep referring to, and the two-minute vocabulary tests measure how far down them you already are. And the course itself is one lesson a day, free, and needs no account.